Mechanism of Structure Variations at Rifted Margins in the Central Segment of South Atlantic: Insights from Numerical Modeling     

WANG Zhichen  LI Jianghai  FENG Zhiqiang  WANG Lijie  LIU Chen 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(4):1229-1242

Rifted margins in the central South Atlantic portray spatial variability in terms of preserved width and thickness, which relates to complex rift-related fault activities. However, there is still a lack of systematic and quantitative explanations for the causes of the variations that are observed along the paired rifts. To elucidate this issue, 2D viscous-plastic thermomechanical numerical models are applied to capture the behavior of deformation, in which we investigate the effects of extensional rate, crustal strength and thickness on crust-mantle coupling, and timing of transition from rifting to breakup. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that crust-mantle decoupling accounts for crustal hyperextension, and that incorporating moderate-intensity rheology into lower crust may yield insights into the hyper-extended crust and asymmetric architecture observed in the central South Atlantic. The results also suggest that undulations in lithospheric basement cause asymmetric mantle upwelling. The lower crust of fold belts takes priority to be thermally weakened over craton and induces rift migration simultaneously. A new mechanism for the formation of failed rift is described, where the mechanical decoupling derived from thermally weakened lower crust gives access to dual rift migration. These results reinforce the interpretation on how crustal rheology shapes margins architectures and highlight the first-order effects of crust-mantle coupling.  相似文献   

Elastic Radiation From Explosively-Loaded Axisymmetric Cavities     

L. A. Glenn  B. Moran  A. J. C Ladd  K. A. Wilson  J. A. Rial 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,86(1):119-136

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十脉冲下限压型SPD级间串联退耦电感前后能级匹配研究     

徐乐  史东东  高攀亮  曹洪亮  秦孟晟  王成芳 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):387-395

退耦电感是限压型浪涌保护器(SPD)级联配合核心元件, 对于限压型SPD能级匹配具有重要影响。针对退耦电感与限压型SPD能级匹配问题, 基于行波传输理论建立多级限压型SPD能量匹配模型, 并结合更接近自然雷击的10个8/20μs多脉冲试验进行研究, 试验结果可知: 恒定波阻抗下, 增大SPD线路间退耦电感值, 可有效减缓雷电瞬态过电压上升速率。SPD并联时, 氧化锌压敏电阻压敏电压对前后级分流比影响较小, 与残压值呈正相关关系。SPD级联电感值越大, 前级SPD泄流越多, 后级SPD箝压水平越高, 能级匹配效果越好。当出现磁饱和时, 前级SPD泄流显著降低, 后级SPD的泄流显著增加, 为避免出现该现象, 实际装设SPD时, 级间选装的退耦电感值在合理范围内应稍大于理论电感值。   相似文献   

大型结构地震反应值模拟中的波动输入   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：11  

李山有  廖振鹏  周正华 《地震工程与工程振动》2001,21(2):1-5

解耦的时域有限元数值模拟技术在考虑土－结构相互作用的大型结构地震反应分析中的应用日趋成熟。为完善其中的波动输入技术，本提出 了一种波动输入时步数值模拟的简便方法，替换对自由场的频域计算，从而使结构反应分析可以完全通过时步数值模拟实现。同时，通过数值实现，对这一实施方案的有效性进行了检验。  相似文献   

Study Of `Soft' Night-Time Surface-Layer Decoupling Over Forest Canopies In A Land-Surface Model     

Yves Delage  Paul A. Bartlett  J. Harry McCaughey 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,103(2):253-276

The cause of a night-time land-surface model cold bias over forest canopies at threedifferent sites is studied in connection with various formulations of turbulent transferand the phenomenon of decoupling between the surface and the boundary layer. Themodel is the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), a leading internationally knownmodel that has been tested over a variety of instrumented sites. The bias was first attributed to a deficient turbulent transfer and a few formulations were compared. One formulation is the classical log-linear profile with a sharp cut-off of the fluxes at a critical Richardsonnumber around 0.2, while in the other ones the flux decreases less rapidly with increasingstatic stability. While the surface-layer formulations have an impact on the modelled canopy temperature, other causes were found for the negative bias. The CLASS model neglected the heat capacity of the air trapped inside the canopy and its inclusion multiplied theeffective heat capacity of the canopy, by a factor ranging from 2.3 to 3.4 for the canopies studied, and reduced the error. A correction was also made to the air specific humidity at canopy level and the topsoil thermal conductivity was changed from that of organic matter to that of mineral soil. With these modifications, and using the incoming longwave radiative flux instead of the net longwave flux, the bias almost completely disappeared. Using ascheme with more heat transfer at large static stability, obtained by assuming that thefluxes decrease in magnitude with height in the surface layer, reduced the original biaswhile using the log-linear formulation amplified the cold bias. The impact of the turbulent transfer formulations is much reduced when they are applied to model runs in which the other above modifications have been made.The phenomenon of decoupling is presented and its understanding is complementedwith the new notions of `hard' versus `soft' decoupling and complete versus incompletedecoupling, depending on the impact decoupling has on the model and on the effectiveness of the model in achieving the decoupling. The geostrophic wind speed is a determiningfactor in separating cases of hard decoupling (rare) from the soft cases (frequent) while the completeness of the decoupling primarily depends on the form of the turbulent transfer curve as a function of static stability.  相似文献   

大陆岩石圈流变学研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘绍文  王良书  李成 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(4):1209-1214

大陆岩石圈流变学是固体地球科学领域的基本问题，也是理解大陆变形的动力学过程和构造演化史的关键.本文对近年来大陆岩石圈流变学的研究进展进行了综述.重点讨论大陆岩石圈流变学的纵向分层和横向分块特性及流变学与地震活动性、壳－幔解耦及下地壳流动变形的地球动力学意义和中国大陆地区岩石圈流变学研究状况.最后，对大陆岩石圈流变学研究存在的问题和未来的研究方向做了一定的探讨和展望.  相似文献   

Formation of subglacial till under transient bed conditions: deposition, deformation, and basal decoupling under a Weichselian ice sheet lobe, central Poland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. A. PIOTROWSKI  N. K. LARSEN  J. MENZIES†  W. WYSOTA‡ 《Sedimentology》2006,53(1):83-106

A multi-proxy approach involving a study of sediment architecture, grain size, grain roundness and crushing index, petrographic and clay mineral composition, till fabric and till micromorphology was applied to infer processes of till formation and deformation under a Weichselian ice sheet at Kurzetnik, Poland. The succession consists of three superposed till units overlying outwash sediments deformed at the top. The textural characteristics of tills vary little throughout the till thickness, whereas structural appearance is diversified including massive and bedded regions. Indicators of intergranular bed deformation include overturned, attenuated folds, boudinage structures, a sediment-mixing zone, grain crushing, microstructural lineations, grain stacking and high fabric strength. Lodgement proxies are grooved intra-till surfaces, ploughing marks and consistently striated clast surfaces. Basal decoupling by pressurized meltwater is indicated by undisturbed sand stringers, sand-filled meltwater scours under pebbles and partly armoured till pellets. It is suggested that the till experienced multiple transitions between lodgement, deformation and basal decoupling. Cumulative strain was high, but the depth of (time-transgressive) deformation much lower (centimetre range) than the entire till thickness ( ca 2 m) at any point in time, consistent with the deforming bed mosaic model. Throughout most of ice overriding, porewater pressure was high, in the vicinity of glacier floatation pressure indicating that the substratum, consisting of 11 m thick sand, was unable to drain subglacial meltwater sufficiently.  相似文献   

Solid state C NMR studies of selected oil shales from Queensland, Australia     

Francis P. Miknis  Arthur W. Lindner  A. John Gannon  Mark F. Davis  Gary E. Maciel 《Organic Geochemistry》1984,7(3-4)

Solid state ¹³C NMR techniques of cross polarization with magic-angle spinning, and interrupted decoupling have been employed to examine the nature of the organic matter in eight kerogen concentrates representing five Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia. The NMR results show that five of the kerogens have high proportions of aliphatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type I–II algal kerogens. Three of the kerogens, derived from carbonaceous shales, have a high proportion of aromatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type III kerogens. The fractions of aliphatic carbon in all the kerogens, regardless of type, are shown to correlate with the conversion characteristics of the corresponding raw shales during Fischer assay. Interrupted decoupling NMR results show the presence of more oxygen-substituted carbon in the carbonaceous shales, which may account for the greater CO₂ evolution and phenolic materials found in the pyrolysis products of the carbonaceous shales.  相似文献   

港城脱钩的可能性机理与实际估测————以环渤海港口城市为例     

李南  刘恩梅 《地理科学》2022,42(11):1879-1888

在探讨城市发展是否可能与港口运营脱钩的理论探索的基础上,采用Tapio脱钩模型进行估测,构建了包括产业多样化指标的港口及城市评价体系,以2000—2019年环渤海地区12个主要港口城市为样本,实证检验港城脱钩类型。研究发现：尽管大部分港口城市的脱钩状态时常变化,但港城脱钩确实可能成为港口城市的演化路径,其过程是渐进的。港城脱钩的影响因素主要有城市发展阶段、产业多样化等,港口运营与本地经济一直未能深入融合的城市以及经济实力雄厚、发展路径多样的中心城市实现港城脱钩的难度相对较小。在环渤海案例区,丹东和秦皇岛已处于港城脱钩状态,天津和青岛未来出现港城脱钩的潜力较大,大连的港城关系演化尚不稳定,唐山、营口、日照等多数样本的港城关联仍然密切、脱钩可能性较小。  相似文献   

Tracking deep ancient crustal components by xenocrystic/inherited zircons of Palaeozoic felsic igneous rocks from the Altai–East Junggar terrane and adjacent regions,western Central Asian Orogenic Belt and its tectonic significance     

Jianjun Zhang  Ying Tong  Zhaochong Zhang  Peng Song  Lei Zhang 《International Geology Review》2017,59(16):2021-2040

The deep crustal continental components and architecture of the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) have long been a matter of debate. This article presents an integrated study of published geochronological and Hf-in-zircon isotopic data for inherited zircons from the Palaeozoic granitoid rocks and associated felsic volcanic rocks of the Chinese Altai, East Junggar, and nearby regions. The aim is to trace the age spatial distribution of deep old crustal components. Our data set comprises 463 published age data obtained by SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS from felsic igneous rocks in these areas. Among these samples, zircon xenocrysts were observed in 69 granitic rocks and 15 felsic volcanic rocks from the Chinese Altai and 30 granitoid rocks and five felsic volcanic rocks in the East Junggar, respectively.

Three major zircon xenocrysts provinces are defined based on the distribution of these inherited zircon ages, combined with Hf-in-zircon isotopes. Province I, mainly situated in the eastern part of the central Chinese Altai, is characterized by the abundant inherited zircons with Meso-Proterozoic and Palaeo-Proterozoic ages (1000–1600 and 1600–2500 Ma, respectively), and variable ε_Hf(_t) values ranging from ?15 to +7 with ancient Hf crustal model ages (T_DMC) ranging from 1.5 to 2.9 Ga. A few scattered parts of province I are scattered situated in the East Junggar (individual areas, e.g. Taheir and Shuangchagou). Province II, situated mostly in the central Chinese Altai, is characterized by abundant xenocrystic zircons with Neo-Proterozoic ages (542–1000 Ma), ε_Hf(t) values ranging from ?6.8 to +8.1, and corresponding Hf crustal model ages of ~1.0–1.3 Ga. Province III contains abundant Phanerozoic (<541 Ma) xenocrystic zircons that show highly positive ε_Hf(t) values ranging from +5 to +16 and the youngest Hf crustal model ages (0.4–0.95 Ga). The main part of Province III occupies most areas of the East Junggar and the southernmost and northern parts of the Chinese Altai. Identification of the ancient (pre-Neoproterozoic) Hf crustal model ages in the eastern part of the central Chinese Altai (Province I) supports the suggestions that ancient concealed crustal components exist in the Chinese Altai. In contrast, Province III in the East Junggar predominantly displays young model ages, which indicates that it is mainly composed of juvenile components and likely a typical accretionary belt. Besides, a few small areas with ancient model ages are recognized in the East Junggar, providing evidence for the local existence of Precambrian crust or micro-blocks within the accretionary belt. The zircon xenocrysts provinces are consisted with the Nd isotopic province and provide further evidence for the ancient and juvenile compositions in deep. In addition, the tectonic division of the region is discussed based on the distribution of deep crustal components. The Erqis fault zone can be regarded as the boundary between the Chinese Altai and East Junggar regions and its western extension is constrained to be closer to the Altai–Qinghe Fault than previously considered. The central Chinese Altai can be subdivided into two distinct tectonic units.  相似文献